Drugs & Regulations are very important in aspects of Pharmaceutical sciences where it deals with Drug safety, Cost effectiveness, Drug rediscovery, Pharmaceutical services, Role of pharmacists, Radio Pharmaceuticals and Multiple drug use etc. The regulation of drugs varies by jurisdiction. In some countries, such as the United States, they are regulated at the national level by a single agency. In other jurisdictions they are regulated at the state level, or at both state and national levels by various bodies, as is the case in Australia.

Pharmaceutical formulations, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which different chemical substances, including the active drug, are combined to produce a final medicinal product. The word formulation is often used in a way that includes dosage form. Formulation studies involve developing a preparation of the drug which is both stable and acceptable to the patient. For orally taken drugs, this usually involves incorporating the drug into a tablet or a capsule.

Sometimes called, molecular manufacturing is a branch of engineering that deals with the design and manufacture of extremely small electronic circuits and mechanical devices built at the molecular level of matter. Nanotechnology is also being applied to or developed for application to a variety of industrial and purification processes. Purification and environmental clean-up applications include the desalination of water, water filtration, wastewater treatment, groundwater treatment, and other nanoremediation. 

The drug discovery starts with Pre-formulation Studies which is initiated by Disease Identification then carried onto suitable drug identification then after Stability Analysis of Drug, Behavioural Analysis, Dissolution, High Performance Liquid Chromatography or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as per the ICH guidelines.

Pharmacognosy is the study of drugs derived from Plants and herbs and the other aspect of Pharmacognosy is Phytochemistry. The Drugs from natural sources can be obtained by the help of following methods like Computational chemistry, Medicinal chemistry, Molecular drug design, Protein structure prediction, molecular simulation, and exploratory development and Biochemistry.

Global sales of plant products was totally estimated us $60 billion in 2002 and is expected to get higher at 6.4 % average growth rate

Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in living beings. It is basically considered a field of biology, but it bisect often with many of the life sciences like Pharmaceutical Sciences. The other aspects of this are Genetic engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Genomics Proteomics, Clinical engineering, Tissue engineering, biomedical data engineering etc.

The global genetic engineering market is expected to reach $3,514.08 Million by 2019 from $1,845.25 Million in 2014, growing at a CAGR of 13.75%. Increased R&D expenditure and growth of biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, increased funding for genomics research, and technological advancements are the primary growth drivers for this market during the forecast period (2014–2019).

Packaging is one of the largest industry sectors in the world, worth several billions. Pharmaceutical packaging represents a meagre percentage of this colossal market. The global healthcare industry has seen a shift in paradigm and is now skewed toward effective and meaningful packaging. Packaging was considered as an afterthought which was required merely in the final stages of manufacturing for many pharmaceutical companies about a decade ago. 

Radiopharmaceuticals used as Diagnostic and therapeutic agents. The main group of these compounds are used as the radio tracers to diagnose the diseased tissues in a body.

Pharma Companies in Europe - Kowa Pharmaceutical, Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Ltd,   Kent Pharmaceuticals, Alan Pharmaceuticals, Alliance Pharmaceutical Limited. Pharmaceutical Companies are  knowledge driven industry and is heavily dependent on Research and Development for new products and growth. However, basic research discovering of new molecules is a time consuming and expensive process and is thus, dominated by large global multinationals.

They are experts in the field of medicines and are not only responsible for the dispensing of prescriptions but also the purchase, manufacture and quality testing of all medicines used in a hospital. Many hospital pharmacists are qualified to prescribe in their own right. Pharmacists work closely with medical and nursing staff to ensure that patients receive the best treatment, advising on the selection, dose and administration route. They also provide help and advice to patients in all aspects of their medicines.

In 2013, there were 287,420 pharmacists and 362,690 pharmacy technicians in the United States. Since 2003, the number of pharmacists in the U.S. has fluctuated year to year, but overall has increased approximately 19 %in the last decade. The number of pharmacy technicians steadily increased in the same period, adding over 151,000 workers from 2003-2013.

Industrial Pharmacy also plays a crucial role in any drug discovery. To any novel drug discovery the industrial approach is very important to get massive commercial application. Few things which have to be considered by industries to provide a safe and cost affective medicine to the patients like Supply chain, Waste management, Product management, Post- marketing surveillance, Good manufacturing practices and Marketing.

The U.S. pharmaceutical market is the world’s most important national market. Together with Canada and Mexico, it represents the largest continental pharma market worldwide. TheUnited States alone holds some 40 percent of the global pharmaceutical market. In 2014, this share was valued around 365 million U.S. dollars. Many of the global top companies are located in the United States. In 2014, six out of the top eleven companies were U.S.-based.

The Pharma consultants work with organizations of all sizes including academic institutes, start-up companies, and established organizations. The services aims to increase the patient’s knowledge of their medication and improve their adherence to the regimen.

Globally Pharma Market ranges from $870-$900 billion and in Europe $260-$280 billion from which Germany provides ready access to internationally renowned scientists, world-class research and pharmaceuticals markets. Nanotechnology

Nanomedicine is simply the nanotechnology applications in a healthcare setting and the majority of benefits that have already been seen involve the use of nanoparticles to improve the behaviour of drug substances and in drug delivery. Today, nanomedicines are used globally to improve the treatments and lives of patients suffering from a range of disorders including ovarian and breast cancer, kidney disease, fungal infections, elevated cholesterol,menopausal symptoms, multiple sclerosis, chronic pain, asthma and emphysema. Nanomedicine has the potential to develop radical new therapies based on an unprecedented control over both intracellular processes and the extracellular environment at the nanometer scale. To create precise solutions for intricate medical challenges in the area of wound healing, tissue regeneration and mitochondrial disease physical scientists, medical doctors, and industrial partners, work closely in the Radboud Nanomedicine Alliance. The National Nanotechnology Initiative expects new commercial applications in the pharmaceutical industry that may include advanced delivery systems, new therapies, and in vivo imaging.

• Scope of Nanomedicine
• Future aspects of Nanomedicine
• Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Diseases
• Nanomedicine for Lung Diseases
• Nanomedicine for blood disorders
• Nanomedicine for CNS
• Nanomedicine for Gastrointestinal Tract (GI) Diseases
• Nanomedicine for other disease
• Novel Drugs to Nano Drugs
• Nanodrugs for Herbal medicines and Cosmetics